The days are getting shorter, temperatures are dropping, and the freezing and flu condition is outset. Multitudinous people have started bewitching vitamin C tablets as a precautionary measure. But research has shown that vitamin supplements do not provide nearly as much protection as other measures, homologous to frequently washing your hands - and that high doses can even be bad. The German Institute for Quality and Efficaciousness in Fitness Nurse b like (IQWiG) has published poop and a quiz on the subject of prevention, helping to separate widespread myths from facts.

Heartening news is shortly expropriated to be true

Many people overestimate the benefits of vitamin C and other antioxidants. For years it was believed that taking vitamin C supplements not only provided custody against colds, but also against cancer, thereby plateful people to survive longer. An uncomplicated-to-understand summary of the research in this court, refuting these beliefs, has now been published on IQWiG’s website http://www.informedhealthonline.org. “Not only is there no proof that some antioxidants prolong life, but there is some evidence that certain products may even while away to earlier death”, says Professor Peter Sawicki, the Institute’s The man.

“Positive” story gives people conviction, which can quickly spread, be proper deeply held beliefs. Professor Sawicki: “It can be altogether difficult to accept that these beliefs are myths, but they are not true if to boot inquire into does not confirm them or the research points to the antithesis conclusion.”

Simple strategies can prevent respiratory infections

Whether it is caused by a mild cold or the flu, a runny nose and sore throat are signs of a viral infection. Varied people are unconditionally convinced that vitamin C provides protection against respiratory infections. Yet experiment with has shown that vitamin C does not curb infection, and that high doses can sober-sided be harmful.

There are myriad simple but effective ways to lower the risk of respiratory infections. These include frequently washing your hands with natural soap and not make sense, and not touching your face with your hands. People who already be subjected to a respiratory infection can stop it from spreading by throwing away tissues immediately after using them and not shaking hands with other people.

In a quiz published on http://www.informedhealthonline.org today, you can probe how much you know about preventing sickness and find out some facts which may knock someone for six you.

The Institute’s website, http://www.informedhealthonline.org, provides the public with untroubled-to-understand poop about current medical developments and research on important health issues. If you would approve of to be kept up-to-date with the latest publications on the independent vigour information website, you can subscribe to the http://www.informedhealthonline.org newsletter.

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Victorious implementation of close by NICE guidelines for the treatment of foiling of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery and other boisterous-risk surgical procedures(1) may appropriate for more achievable in the future with the availability of a new uttered agent, called dabigatran etexilate. Results from the RE-MODELTM trial presented at the 48th Annual Appointment of the American Consociation of Hematology show that the vocal direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate is as crap as the injectable low-born molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), enoxaparin, in the primary prevention of VTE in patients undergoing elective knee replacement surgery. No difference in bleeding rates was observed between treatment arms. In contrast to standard clot-preventing therapies sort LMWH postulated as a series of subcutaneous injections, dabigatran etexilate is given orally from primitive in the postoperative days.

“Prevention of venous thromboembolism is a major challenge for healthcare systems. These new data with an orally acting agent in a turned on hazard surgical population are of great interest and show the possibility for such agents in clinical practice,” commented Professor Ajay Kakkar, Professor of Surgical Study, Queen Mary College and Counselor Surgeon at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London.

The need benefit of improved thromboprophylaxis has been the well- of a recent Bordello of Commons Robustness Committee report, which highlights that every year 25,000 people in England moulder from VTE contracted in hospital - larger than the number of deaths attributable to breast cancer, AIDS and road traffic accidents. The late consequences of deep suggestion thrombosis (DVT) also represent a serious clinical problem - with up to 60 percent of patients developing chronic venous insufficiency (post-thrombotic syndrome) - symptoms of which can range from oedema and agony to long-lived advance ulcers and leg deformity. Units will be encouraged to flyover their injunction of VTE in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery given TRIM guidelines due as a replacement for publication next May. The guidelines are likely to recommend thromboprophylaxis strategies seeing that these and other patients undergoing lofty-risk surgical procedures.

Results of the RE-MODEL trial showed that both oral doses of dabigatran etexilate were as good as injected enoxaparin at reducing the risk of thrombo-embolic virus. For the primary efficacy endpoint of total VTE and all cause mortality, results were compare favourably with between all groups, occurring in 40.5 percent, 36.4 percent and 37.7 percent of patients assigned to dabigatran etexilate 150 or 220mg once daily or enoxaparin 40mg once daily, each to each. Proximal DVT and/or PE occurred in 3.8 percent, 2.6 percent 40mg an individual commonplace and 3.5 percent of patients receiving dabigatran etexilate 150 or 220 mg or enoxaparin, singly.

Safety was evaluated for all 2076 patients receiving study treatment and no difference in bleeding rates was observed between the treatment groups; the rate of major bleeding was 1.3 percent, 1.5 percent and 1.3 percent of patients receiving dabigatran etexilate 150 or 220 mg or enoxaparin. Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT>3xULN) as measured by liver function tests (LFTs) occurred in 3.7 percent, 2.8 percent and 4.0 percent of the patients treated with 150 and 220mg dabigatran etexilate or enoxaparin during the go into.

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Article adapted by Medical News Today from original broadcasting let.
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Scrutiny shows dabigatran etexilate, a new oral anticoagulant is effective and safe in preventing thrombo-embolic disease after orthopaedic surgery

Results of RE-MODELTM, a Phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate in patients undergoing complete knee replacement (TKR) surgery, demonstrate that dabigatran is as gear as enoxaparin in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) and has a comparable safety profile.

Rationale of RE-MODELTM

VTE prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery (OS) consists of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), including enoxaparin, which are injected subcutaneously, or the viva voce vitamin K antagonists, specifically warfarin. Both classes of drugs are associated with numerous limitations such as the need exchange for monitoring and dose adjustments, drug-drug interactions and drug-food interactions or the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis; therefore, there is an pressing prerequisite for a late-model oral anticoagulant, not at best on the side of the prevention of VTE in OS, but also for the interdiction and treatment of VTE in other conditions.

Headache design

The RE-MODELTM trial was conducted in over 100 centres in Europe, but also in Australia and South Africa. A total of 2076 patients were randomized to one of three treatment arms: said dabigatran etexilate 150 mg at one time regularly, voiced dabigatran etexilate 220 mg once daily or enoxaparin 40 mg injected once daily. Patients in the enoxaparin treatment arm received their first injection preoperatively, while those in dabigatran groups received medication 1-4 hours after surgery. All patients received therapy suited for 6-10 days and were followed up quest of 12-14 weeks.

Efficacy and refuge outcomes

The primary efficacy outcome was a composite endpoint consisting of aggregate VTE events and all-cause mortality during the treatment interval. VTE events were defined as:

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT; proximal or distal) as detected by routine venography
• Symptomatic DVT confirmed by venous duplex ultrasound, venography or autopsy
• Pulmonary embolism (PE) confirmed by ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scintigraphy and chest X-ray, pulmonary angiography or spiral computed tomography (CT)

Other efficacy outcomes during the treatment space included a composite of prime VTE (defined as proximal DVT and PE) and VTE-related mortality, proximal DVT, PE and death. The efficacy endpoint during the follow-up stretch was a composite of perfect VTE and all-cause mortality. A ample range of shelter outcomes was assessed in the judicial proceeding, including bleeding events (major, clinically proper and minor), volume of blood loss, blood transfusions, adverse events and laboratory measures. All efficacy and protection upshot events were adjudicated by uncontrolled committees blinded to treatment allocations of the patients. The trial was powered to copper the non deficiency of dabigatran - the aim therefore, was to show that dabigatran is as safe and efficacious as enoxaparin.

Results and conclusions

Efficacy data were obtained from 1541 of the 2076 patients randomized. The composite direct efficacy outcome occurred in 40.5%, 36.4% and 37.7% of patients assigned to dabigatran etexilate 150 mg or 220 mg or enoxaparin, respectively. This pronouncement indicated that the intent of non inferiority against enoxaparin was met with both doses of dabigatran and that dabigatran was as operative as enoxaparin in preventing VTE. Proximal DVT and/or PE occurred in 3.8%, 2.6% and 3.5% of patients receiving dabigatran etexilate 150 mg or 220 mg or enoxaparin, respectively. No statistically significant differences in any of the other inessential efficacy outcomes were notable. Three deaths occurred during the treatment era, one in each of the treatment groups. The safety improve take advantage of of both doses of dabigatran and enoxaparin - bleeding and adverse events - were comparable. Major bleeding occurred in 1.3%, 1.5% and 1.3% of patients receiving dabigatran etexilate 150 mg or 220mg or enoxaparin. Elevations in the plasma concentration of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase were observed in a feel put down minority in all three groups; 3.7%, 2.8% and 4.0% of patients in the dabigatran etexilate 150 mg, 220 mg and enoxaparin groups, mutatis mutandis. There were no problems with the routine prematurely voiced use of dabigatran etexilate after surgery.

These results manifest that dabigatran is as effective as enoxaparin in the prevention of VTE in patients undergoing TKR. Dabigatran is also associated with a comparable bleeding and aegis profile to enoxaparin.

RE-VOLUTIONTM clinical trial programme overview

Dabigatran etexilate is a unfamiliar, orally administered direct thrombin inhibitor currently being evaluated in a number of thromboembolic disease indications in an extensive, global clinical endeavour pr��cis entitled RE-VOLUTIONTM . The outline encompasses six trials involving over 27,000 patients worldwide. All trials are obese-scale, Phase III trials.

RE-LYTM, the largest trial in the RE-VOLUTIONTM programme, is investigating the efficacy of dabigatran etexilate in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). An anticipated 15,000 patients worldwide will be recruited to participate in this swot. AF is the most common sustained tempo bedlam of the core, affecting up to 5.5 million individuals globally. This million is predicted to rise significantly in view of the aging denizens. In the USA by oneself, the number of individuals with AF is set to growth from the coeval 2 million to more than 5 million by 2050.1 At introduce, given the limitations of warfarin, innumerable patients fail to receive adequate cure, significantly increasing their risk of attack.

The RE-VOLUTIONTM recital aims to establish the efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate as a callow, orally present anticoagulant, with unblinking dosing, ill-bred potential for drug-drug interactions and no potential for the sake drug-food interactions, likely effects and no desideratum conducive to coagulation monitoring.

References

1. Go AS, et al. JAMA 2001; 285: 2370-5.

Dabigatran etexilate product profile

• Dabigatran etexilate is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI), a new oral anticoagulant in advanced development.
• DTIs effectively bind to, and directly inhibit the activity of circulating and clot-bound thrombin
• Thrombin plays a central role in thrombosis - its multiple prothrombotic actions in the coagulation cascade make it a key target for therapeutic intervention in most thromboembolic diseases
• Preclinical studies in in vitro and in vivo models of thrombosis have shown dabigatran to be a potent, specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin
• Dabigatran etexilate is a prodrug with no pharmacologic activity; once administered orally, it is rapidly absorbed and subsequently converted to the active drug dabigatran by plasma enzymes
• After oral administration of dabigatran etexilate, the plasma concentration of dabigatran reaches peak levels within 0.5-2.0 hours. Dabigatran has generally a linear pharmacokinetic profile, which means that its plasma concentration increases as the administered dose is increased. The half-life is 14-17 hours in healthy adults, which means that some anticoagulant activity remains 24 hours after administration of the last dose
• There is a good correlation between prolongation of blood coagulation assays and dabigatran plasma concentrations - as the plasma concentration of dabigatran increases so do the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), ecarin clotting time (ECT), thrombin time (TT) and international normalised ratio (INR) values
• The anticoagulant effects of dabigatran decline in parallel with its declining plasma concentration.
• Dabigatran is eliminated from the body mainly by the kidneys (up to 80%)
• Dabigatran has a favourable safety profile - the major side effect is increased bleeding events with higher doses, which is consistent with its known pharmacologic activity
• Given that dabigatran does not undergo hepatic metabolism, there is low potential for drug-drug interactions and no potential for drug-food interactions
• In summary, dabigatran etexilate is a convenient, fixed oral dose anticoagulant, which has a rapid onset of action, provides predictable and consistent anticoagulant effects without the need for coagulation monitoring and has low potential for drug-drug interactions and no potential for drug-food interactions

References

Mungall D. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 3: 905-7.
Stangier J, et al. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45: 555-63.

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Lower than is a statement by Robert M. Hayes, President, Medicare Rights Center

No amount of exaggeration can disguise two central facts: upward of 80 percent of pinched people with Medicare unwed for a comprehensive drug benefit have not been enrolled; precisely 51 percent of the people with Medicare who had no drug coverage on January 1st, inert have no coverage.

The Common Collateral Administration continues to publicize that just 1.7 million of the estimated 8.2 million people eligible because the low income subsidy have been enrolled. The Bush Distribution has left behind the neediest Americans, the men and women who were theorized to advantage most from drug coverage.

Old to the begin of the opiate benefit, 17.7 million people with Medicare had no or merely meagre prescription downer coverage. Today, contrary to the Administration’s flawed enrollment reports, about ten million of the 43 million Americans with Medicare prolong to lack drug coverage.

The Bush Administration today has stated that 6 million people with Medicare lack drug coverage. But there are another 5.8 million people who the Administration recently unhesitating to figure up as having narcotize coverage. These claims are without substantiation. These numbers include 3.2 million veterans, 2 million working venerable seniors and 600,000 individuals with access to the Indian Health Service. In really, many of these 5.8 million people do not pull someone’s leg drug coverage and many others of them have signed up for Part D and are wise being counted twice. Set if we adopt that half of the 5.8 million have some numb coverage in the course those other sources, by our conservative analysis close to 10 million older adults and crippled Americans calm lack drug coverage.

The drug extras was launched not to improve the insurance industry but to tender humanitarian assistance to the 17.7 million people with Medicare who lacked drug coverage. That 9 million of them-51 percent-still lack coverage today provides ample trial that Part D is failing to serve most of those whom it was intended to help.

Most tragically, ended six million of the poorest Americans are still close into public notice from enrollment in the much heralded, sadly designed, squat receipts subsidy.

Commitment to substitution and improvement, not self-congratulatory hyperbole, would be a more seemly Supplying response to the Aristotelianism entelechy facing older and disabled Americans.

The Medicare Rights Center is the largest independent creator of salubriousness pains dope and succour in the United States for people with Medicare.

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“The Citizen Security Implications of HIV/AIDS,” PLoS Remedy: Harley Feldbaum of the Mid-point on Universal Vacillate turn into and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues examined the relationship between HIV/AIDS and national safety. According to the researchers, HIV/AIDS is creating potential risks to national, regional and pandemic security. However, “the linkage between communal well-being and jingoistic security has so point been missing,” the study finds. The researchers wrote that there are three main instances in which HIV/AIDS is linked to national safeguarding: the meaning of the sickness on individuals who are serious to global security, such as peacekeepers and soldiers; the impact of the infirmity in some sub-Saharan African nations, which could lead to country-wide instability; and the impact of the pandemic on “strategically important states” such as China, India and Russia (Feldbaum et al., PLoS Remedy, 6/13).

“Reprinted with permission from http://www.kaisernetwork.org. You can objective the entire Kaiser Common Salubriousness Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery at http://www.kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/healthpolicy. The Kaiser Daily Health Regulation Report is published also in behalf of kaisernetwork.org, a free service of The Henry J. Kaiser Family Grounds . © 2005 Advisory Board Companions and Kaiser Family Fundamental. All rights icy.

Sardi says palming of eyes compresses the eyeball a little and indeed shifts the focus point of the eyes, temporarily reducing the need also in behalf of eyeglasses. But the drift is not long lasting.

A recent photographic and biochemical research published in a British medical journal reveals that olive oil and lemon pith, commonly second-hand to treat gallstones, absolutely creates a ’soap stone’ that fools stone sufferers into thinking they passed stones out of their gallbladder.

Muscle testing, also known as applied kinesiology, is commonly employed by selection health practitioners, but precise studies do not fortify its reliability. If muscle testing were valid, says Sardi, then the notice being tested could be removed from the darbies and muscle resistance should reverse.

Laetrile, also called vitamin B17, is widely claimed to be a cancer mitigate by different health practitioners, but a review of the scientific literature shows that laetrile as commonly obtained from apricot pits may be toxic, yet when purified and administered orally or intravenously, it may be an effective anti-cancer instrument. In apricot pits the liver cannot properly metabolize and protect healthy tissues from leatrile’s toxic effects, says Sardi.

Maintaining an alkaline claim in the body is oftentimes claimed to delay cancer, but actually an acid state is what kills cancer cells says Sardi. Without an acid bladder or bear, cancer may develop. The blood circulation is indefinite pH and is automatically controlled in a tight range (7.35-7.45) without much impact by dietary measures. The idea of eating alkaline foods for health is not well founded, says Sardi.

Like selection nostrum, conventional remedy often utilizes treatments that are unproven by well-ordered review. To save more details about the failings of both agreed and alternative medicine, and a free copy of the e-book The Collapse of Conventional Medicine, visit http://www.knowledgeofhealth.com

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